using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace SWRIS.Extensions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 一个软件基础类，提供常用的一些静态方法，比如字符串转换，字节转换的方法<br />
    /// A software-based class that provides some common static methods，Such as string conversion, byte conversion method
    /// </summary>
    public class SoftBasic
    {
        #region MD5 Calculate

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取文件的md5码<br />
        /// Get the MD5 code of the file
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath">文件的路径，既可以是完整的路径，也可以是相对的路径 -> The path to the file</param>
        /// <returns>Md5字符串</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// 下面举例实现获取一个文件的md5码
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="CalculateFileMD5Example" title="CalculateFileMD5示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string CalculateFileMD5(string filePath)
        {
            string str_md5 = string.Empty;
            using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
            {
                str_md5 = CalculateStreamMD5(fs);
            }
            return str_md5;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取数据流的md5码<br />
        /// Get the MD5 code for the data stream
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="stream">数据流，可以是内存流，也可以是文件流</param>
        /// <returns>Md5字符串</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// 下面举例实现获取一个流的md5码
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="CalculateStreamMD5Example1" title="CalculateStreamMD5示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string CalculateStreamMD5(Stream stream)
        {
            byte[] bytes_md5 = null;
            using (MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                bytes_md5 = md5.ComputeHash(stream);
            }
            return BitConverter.ToString(bytes_md5).Replace("-", "");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取文本字符串信息的Md5码，编码为UTF8<br />
        /// Get the Md5 code of the text string information, using the utf-8 encoding
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">文本数据信息</param>
        /// <returns>Md5字符串</returns>
        public static string CalculateStreamMD5(string data) => CalculateStreamMD5(data, Encoding.UTF8);

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取文本字符串信息的Md5码，使用指定的编码<br />
        /// Get the Md5 code of the text string information, using the specified encoding
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">文本数据信息</param>
        /// <param name="encode">编码信息</param>
        /// <returns>Md5字符串</returns>
        public static string CalculateStreamMD5(string data, Encoding encode)
        {
            string str_md5 = string.Empty;
            using (MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                byte[] bytes_md5 = md5.ComputeHash(encode.GetBytes(data));
                str_md5 = BitConverter.ToString(bytes_md5).Replace("-", "");
            }
            return str_md5;
        }
#if NET35 || NET451
		/// <summary>
		/// 获取内存图片的md5码<br />
		/// Get the MD5 code of the memory picture
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="bitmap">内存图片</param>
		/// <returns>Md5字符串</returns>
		/// <example>
		/// 下面举例实现获取一个图像的md5码
		/// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="CalculateStreamMD5Example2" title="CalculateStreamMD5示例" />
		/// </example>
		public static string CalculateStreamMD5( Bitmap bitmap )
		{
			MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream( );
			bitmap.Save( ms, bitmap.RawFormat );
			byte[] bytes_md5 = null;
			using (MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider( ))
				bytes_md5 = md5.ComputeHash( ms );
			ms.Dispose( );
			return ByteToHexString( bytes_md5 );
		}
#endif
        #endregion

        #region DataSize Format

        /// <summary>
        /// 从一个字节大小返回带单位的描述，主要是用于显示操作<br />
        /// Returns a description with units from a byte size, mainly for display operations
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="size">实际的大小值</param>
        /// <returns>最终的字符串值</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// 比如说我们获取了文件的长度，这个长度可以来自于本地，也可以来自于数据库查询
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetSizeDescriptionExample" title="GetSizeDescription示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string GetSizeDescription(long size)
        {
            if (size < 1000)
            {
                return size + " B";
            }
            else if (size < 1000 * 1000)
            {
                float data = (float)size / 1024;
                return data.ToString("F2") + " Kb";
            }
            else if (size < 1000 * 1000 * 1000)
            {
                float data = (float)size / 1024 / 1024;
                return data.ToString("F2") + " Mb";
            }
            else
            {
                float data = (float)size / 1024 / 1024 / 1024;
                return data.ToString("F2") + " Gb";
            }
        }

        #endregion


        #region Array Format

        /// <summary>
        /// 将数组格式化为显示的字符串的信息，支持所有的类型对象<br />
        /// Formats the array into the displayed string information, supporting all types of objects
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="array">数组信息</param>
        /// <returns>最终显示的信息</returns>
        public static string ArrayFormat<T>(T[] array) => ArrayFormat(array, string.Empty);

        /// <summary>
        /// 将数组格式化为显示的字符串的信息，支持所有的类型对象<br />
        /// Formats the array into the displayed string information, supporting all types of objects
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="array">数组信息</param>
        /// <param name="format">格式化的信息</param>
        /// <returns>最终显示的信息</returns>
        public static string ArrayFormat<T>(T[] array, string format)
        {
            if (array == null) return "NULL";
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
            {
                sb.Append(string.IsNullOrEmpty(format) ? array[i].ToString() : string.Format(format, array[i]));
                if (i != array.Length - 1) sb.Append(",");
            }
            sb.Append("]");
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将数组格式化为显示的字符串的信息，支持所有的类型对象<br />
        /// Formats the array into the displayed string information, supporting all types of objects
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="array">数组信息</param>
        /// <returns>最终显示的信息</returns>
        public static string ArrayFormat<T>(T array) => ArrayFormat(array, string.Empty);

        /// <summary>
        /// 将数组格式化为显示的字符串的信息，支持所有的类型对象<br />
        /// Formats the array into the displayed string information, supporting all types of objects
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="array">数组信息</param>
        /// <param name="format">格式化的信息</param>
        /// <returns>最终显示的信息</returns>
        public static string ArrayFormat<T>(T array, string format)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("[");
            if (array is Array array1)
            {
                foreach (var item in array1)
                {
                    sb.Append(string.IsNullOrEmpty(format) ? item.ToString() : string.Format(format, item));
                    sb.Append(",");
                }
                if (array1.Length > 0 && sb[sb.Length - 1] == ',') sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);
            }
            else
            {
                sb.Append(string.IsNullOrEmpty(format) ? array.ToString() : string.Format(format, array));
            }
            sb.Append("]");
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Array Expand

        /// <summary>
        /// 一个通用的数组新增个数方法，会自动判断越界情况，越界的情况下，会自动的截断或是填充<br />
        /// A common array of new methods, will automatically determine the cross-border situation, in the case of cross-border, will be automatically truncated or filled
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数据类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="array">原数据</param>
        /// <param name="data">等待新增的数据</param>
        /// <param name="max">原数据的最大值</param>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="AddArrayDataExample" title="AddArrayData示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static void AddArrayData<T>(ref T[] array, T[] data, int max)
        {
            if (data == null) return;           // 数据为空
            if (data.Length == 0) return;       // 数据长度为空

            if (array.Length == max)
            {
                Array.Copy(array, data.Length, array, 0, array.Length - data.Length);
                Array.Copy(data, 0, array, array.Length - data.Length, data.Length);
            }
            else
            {
                if ((array.Length + data.Length) > max)
                {
                    T[] tmp = new T[max];
                    for (int i = 0; i < (max - data.Length); i++)
                    {
                        tmp[i] = array[i + (array.Length - max + data.Length)];
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                    {
                        tmp[tmp.Length - data.Length + i] = data[i];
                    }
                    // 更新数据
                    array = tmp;
                }
                else
                {
                    T[] tmp = new T[array.Length + data.Length];
                    for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
                    {
                        tmp[i] = array[i];
                    }
                    for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                    {
                        tmp[tmp.Length - data.Length + i] = data[i];
                    }

                    array = tmp;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将一个数组进行扩充到指定长度，或是缩短到指定长度<br />
        /// Extend an array to a specified length, or shorten to a specified length or fill
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="data">原先数据的数据</param>
        /// <param name="length">新数组的长度</param>
        /// <returns>新数组长度信息</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArrayExpandToLengthExample" title="ArrayExpandToLength示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static T[] ArrayExpandToLength<T>(T[] data, int length)
        {
            if (data == null) return new T[length];

            if (data.Length == length) return data;

            T[] buffer = new T[length];

            Array.Copy(data, buffer, Math.Min(data.Length, buffer.Length));

            return buffer;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 将一个数组进行扩充到偶数长度<br />
        /// Extend an array to even lengths
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="data">原先数据的数据</param>
        /// <returns>新数组长度信息</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArrayExpandToLengthEvenExample" title="ArrayExpandToLengthEven示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static T[] ArrayExpandToLengthEven<T>(T[] data)
        {
            if (data == null) return new T[0];

            if (data.Length % 2 == 1)
                return ArrayExpandToLength(data, data.Length + 1);
            else
                return data;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将指定的数据按照指定长度进行分割，例如int[10]，指定长度4，就分割成int[4],int[4],int[2]，然后拼接list<br />
        /// Divide the specified data according to the specified length, such as int [10], and specify the length of 4 to divide into int [4], int [4], int [2], and then concatenate the list
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="array">等待分割的数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">指定的长度信息</param>
        /// <returns>分割后结果内容</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArraySplitByLengthExample" title="ArraySplitByLength示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static List<T[]> ArraySplitByLength<T>(T[] array, int length)
        {
            if (array == null) return new List<T[]>();

            List<T[]> result = new List<T[]>();
            int index = 0;
            while (index < array.Length)
            {
                if (index + length < array.Length)
                {
                    T[] tmp = new T[length];
                    Array.Copy(array, index, tmp, 0, length);
                    index += length;
                    result.Add(tmp);
                }
                else
                {
                    T[] tmp = new T[array.Length - index];
                    Array.Copy(array, index, tmp, 0, tmp.Length);
                    index += length;
                    result.Add(tmp);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将整数进行有效的拆分成数组，指定每个元素的最大值<br />
        /// Effectively split integers into arrays, specifying the maximum value for each element
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="integer">整数信息</param>
        /// <param name="everyLength">单个的数组长度</param>
        /// <returns>拆分后的数组长度</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="SplitIntegerToArrayExample" title="SplitIntegerToArray示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static int[] SplitIntegerToArray(int integer, int everyLength)
        {
            int[] result = new int[(integer / everyLength) + ((integer % everyLength) == 0 ? 0 : 1)];
            for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
            {
                if (i == result.Length - 1)
                {
                    result[i] = (integer % everyLength) == 0 ? everyLength : (integer % everyLength);
                }
                else
                {
                    result[i] = everyLength;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Byte Array compare

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断两个字节的指定部分是否相同<br />
        /// Determines whether the specified portion of a two-byte is the same
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="b1">第一个字节</param>
        /// <param name="start1">第一个字节的起始位置</param>
        /// <param name="b2">第二个字节</param>
        /// <param name="start2">第二个字节的起始位置</param>
        /// <param name="length">校验的长度</param>
        /// <returns>返回是否相等</returns>
        /// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="IsTwoBytesEquelExample1" title="IsTwoBytesEquel示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static bool IsTwoBytesEquel(byte[] b1, int start1, byte[] b2, int start2, int length)
        {
            if (b1 == null || b2 == null) return false;
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                if (b1[i + start1] != b2[i + start2])
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断两个字节的指定部分是否相同<br />
        /// Determines whether the specified portion of a two-byte is the same
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="b1">第一个字节</param>
        /// <param name="b2">第二个字节</param>
        /// <returns>返回是否相等</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="IsTwoBytesEquelExample2" title="IsTwoBytesEquel示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static bool IsTwoBytesEquel(byte[] b1, byte[] b2)
        {
            if (b1 == null || b2 == null) return false;
            if (b1.Length != b2.Length) return false;
            return IsTwoBytesEquel(b1, 0, b2, 0, b1.Length);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断两个数据的令牌是否相等<br />
        /// Determines whether the tokens of two data are equal
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="head">字节数据</param>
        /// <param name="token">GUID数据</param>
        /// <returns>返回是否相等</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="IsTwoTokenEquelExample" title="IsByteTokenEquel示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static bool IsByteTokenEquel(byte[] head, Guid token) => IsTwoBytesEquel(head, 12, token.ToByteArray(), 0, 16);

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断两个数据的令牌是否相等<br />
        /// Determines whether the tokens of two data are equal
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="token1">第一个令牌</param>
        /// <param name="token2">第二个令牌</param>
        /// <returns>返回是否相等</returns>
        public static bool IsTwoTokenEquel(Guid token1, Guid token2) => IsTwoBytesEquel(token1.ToByteArray(), 0, token2.ToByteArray(), 0, 16);

        #endregion

        #region Enum About

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取一个枚举类型的所有枚举值，可直接应用于组合框数据<br />
        /// Gets all the enumeration values of an enumeration type that can be applied directly to the combo box data
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEnum">枚举的类型值</typeparam>
        /// <returns>枚举值数组</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetEnumValuesExample" title="GetEnumValues示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static TEnum[] GetEnumValues<TEnum>() where TEnum : struct => (TEnum[])Enum.GetValues(typeof(TEnum));

        /// <summary>
        /// 从字符串的枚举值数据转换成真实的枚举值数据<br />
        /// Convert enumeration value data from strings to real enumeration value data
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TEnum">枚举的类型值</typeparam>
        /// <param name="value">枚举的字符串的数据值</param>
        /// <returns>真实的枚举值</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetEnumFromStringExample" title="GetEnumFromString示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static TEnum GetEnumFromString<TEnum>(string value) where TEnum : struct => (TEnum)Enum.Parse(typeof(TEnum), value);

        #endregion

        #region JSON XML Data Get

        /// <summary>
        /// 一个泛型方法，提供json对象的数据读取<br />
        /// A generic method that provides data read for a JSON object
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">读取的泛型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="json">json对象</param>
        /// <param name="name">值名称</param>
        /// <param name="defaultValue">默认值</param>
        /// <returns>值对象</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetValueFromJsonObjectExample" title="GetValueFromJsonObject示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static T GetValueFromJsonObject<T>(JObject json, string name, T defaultValue)
        {
            if (json.Property(name) != null)
            {
                return json.Property(name).Value.Value<T>();
            }
            else
            {
                return defaultValue;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 一个泛型方法，提供json对象的数据写入<br />
        /// A generic method that provides data writing to a JSON object
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">写入的泛型</typeparam>
        /// <param name="json">json对象</param>
        /// <param name="property">值名称</param>
        /// <param name="value">值数据</param>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="JsonSetValueExample" title="JsonSetValue示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static void JsonSetValue<T>(JObject json, string property, T value)
        {
            if (json.Property(property) != null)
            {
                json.Property(property).Value = new JValue(value);
            }
            else
            {
                json.Add(property, new JValue(value));
            }
        }

        #endregion


        /// <summary>
        /// 获取一个异常的完整错误信息<br />
        /// Gets the complete error message for an exception
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ex">异常对象</param>
        /// <returns>完整的字符串数据</returns>
        /// <remarks>获取异常的完整信息</remarks>
        /// <exception cref="NullReferenceException">ex不能为空</exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetExceptionMessageExample1" title="GetExceptionMessage示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string GetExceptionMessage(Exception ex)
        {
            return "错误信息:" + ex.Message + Environment.NewLine +
                "错误堆栈:" + ex.StackTrace + Environment.NewLine +
                "错误方法:" + ex.TargetSite;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取一个异常的完整错误信息，和额外的字符串描述信息<br />
        /// Gets the complete error message for an exception, and additional string description information
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="extraMsg">额外的信息</param>
        /// <param name="ex">异常对象</param>
        /// <returns>完整的字符串数据</returns>
        /// <exception cref="NullReferenceException"></exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetExceptionMessageExample2" title="GetExceptionMessage示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string GetExceptionMessage(string extraMsg, Exception ex)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(extraMsg))
                return GetExceptionMessage(ex);
            else
                return extraMsg + Environment.NewLine + GetExceptionMessage(ex);
        }



        #region Hex string and Byte[] transform

        /// <summary>
        /// 字节数据转化成16进制表示的字符串<br />
        /// Byte data into a string of 16 binary representations
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="InBytes">字节数组</param>
        /// <returns>返回的字符串</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ByteToHexStringExample1" title="ByteToHexString示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string ByteToHexString(byte[] InBytes) => ByteToHexString(InBytes, (char)0);

        /// <summary>
        /// 字节数据转化成16进制表示的字符串<br />
        /// Byte data into a string of 16 binary representations
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="InBytes">字节数组</param>
        /// <param name="segment">分割符</param>
        /// <returns>返回的字符串</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ByteToHexStringExample2" title="ByteToHexString示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string ByteToHexString(byte[] InBytes, char segment) => ByteToHexString(InBytes, segment, 0);

        /// <summary>
        /// 字节数据转化成16进制表示的字符串<br />
        /// Byte data into a string of 16 binary representations
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="InBytes">字节数组</param>
        /// <param name="segment">分割符，如果设置为0，则没有分隔符信息</param>
        /// <param name="newLineCount">每隔指定数量的时候进行换行，如果小于等于0，则不进行分行显示</param>
        /// <param name="format">格式信息，默认为{0:X2}</param>
        /// <returns>返回的字符串</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ByteToHexStringExample2" title="ByteToHexString示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string ByteToHexString(byte[] InBytes, char segment, int newLineCount, string format = "{0:X2}")
        {
            if (InBytes == null) return string.Empty;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            long tick = 0;
            foreach (byte InByte in InBytes)
            {
                if (segment == 0) sb.Append(string.Format(format, InByte));
                else sb.Append(string.Format(format + "{1}", InByte, segment));

                tick++;
                if (newLineCount > 0 && tick >= newLineCount)
                {
                    sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
                    tick = 0;
                }
            }

            if (segment != 0 && sb.Length > 1 && sb[sb.Length - 1] == segment)
            {
                sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 字符串数据转化成16进制表示的字符串<br />
        /// String data into a string of 16 binary representations
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="InString">输入的字符串数据</param>
        /// <returns>返回的字符串</returns>
        /// <exception cref="NullReferenceException"></exception>
        public static string ByteToHexString(string InString) => ByteToHexString(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(InString));

        private static int GetHexCharIndex(char ch)
        {
            switch (ch)
            {
                case '0': return 0;
                case '1': return 1;
                case '2': return 2;
                case '3': return 3;
                case '4': return 4;
                case '5': return 5;
                case '6': return 6;
                case '7': return 7;
                case '8': return 8;
                case '9': return 9;
                case 'A':
                case 'a': return 10;
                case 'B':
                case 'b': return 11;
                case 'C':
                case 'c': return 12;
                case 'D':
                case 'd': return 13;
                case 'E':
                case 'e': return 14;
                case 'F':
                case 'f': return 15;
                default: return -1;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将16进制的字符串转化成Byte数据，将检测每2个字符转化，也就是说，中间可以是任意字符<br />
        /// Converts a 16-character string into byte data, which will detect every 2 characters converted, that is, the middle can be any character
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hex">十六进制的字符串，中间可以是任意的分隔符</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的字节数组</returns>
        /// <remarks>参数举例：AA 01 34 A8</remarks>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="HexStringToBytesExample" title="HexStringToBytes示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static byte[] HexStringToBytes(string hex)
        {
            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();

            for (int i = 0; i < hex.Length; i++)
            {
                if ((i + 1) < hex.Length)
                {
                    if (GetHexCharIndex(hex[i]) >= 0 && GetHexCharIndex(hex[i + 1]) >= 0)
                    {
                        // 这是一个合格的字节数据
                        ms.WriteByte((byte)(GetHexCharIndex(hex[i]) * 16 + GetHexCharIndex(hex[i + 1])));
                        i++;
                    }
                }
            }

            byte[] result = ms.ToArray();
            ms.Dispose();
            return result;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Byte Reverse By Word

        /// <summary>
        /// 将byte数组按照双字节进行反转，如果为单数的情况，则自动补齐<br />
        /// Reverses the byte array by double byte, or if the singular is the case, automatically
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 例如传入的字节数据是 01 02 03 04, 那么反转后就是 02 01 04 03
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="inBytes">输入的字节信息</param>
        /// <returns>反转后的数据</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="BytesReverseByWord" title="BytesReverseByWord示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static byte[] BytesReverseByWord(byte[] inBytes)
        {
            if (inBytes == null) return null;
            if (inBytes.Length == 0) return new byte[0];

            byte[] buffer = ArrayExpandToLengthEven(CopyArray(inBytes));

            for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length / 2; i++)
            {
                byte tmp = buffer[i * 2 + 0];
                buffer[i * 2 + 0] = buffer[i * 2 + 1];
                buffer[i * 2 + 1] = tmp;
            }

            return buffer;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 拷贝当前的实例数组，是基于引用层的浅拷贝，如果类型为值类型，那就是深度拷贝，如果类型为引用类型，就是浅拷贝
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">类型对象</typeparam>
        /// <param name="value">数组对象</param>
        /// <returns>拷贝的结果内容</returns>
        public static T[] CopyArray<T>(T[] value)
        {
            if (value == null) return null;
            T[] buffer = new T[value.Length];
            Array.Copy(value, buffer, value.Length);
            return buffer;
        }
        #endregion

        #region Byte[] and AsciiByte[] transform

        /// <summary>
        /// 将字节数组显示为ASCII格式的字符串，当遇到0x20以下及0x7E以上的不可见字符时，使用十六进制的数据显示<br />
        /// Display the byte array as a string in ASCII format, when encountering invisible characters below 0x20 and above 0x7E, use hexadecimal data to display<br />
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="content">字节数组信息</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII格式的字符串信息</returns>
        public static string GetAsciiStringRender(byte[] content)
        {
            if (content == null) return string.Empty;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < content.Length; i++)
            {
                if (content[i] < 0x20 || content[i] > 0x7E)
                {
                    sb.Append($"\\{content[i]:X2}");
                }
                else
                {
                    sb.Append((char)content[i]);
                }
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从显示的ASCII格式的字符串，转为原始字节数组，如果遇到 \00 这种表示原始字节的内容，则直接进行转换操作，遇到 \r 直接转换 0x0D, \n 直接转换 0x0A<br />
        /// Convert from the displayed string in ASCII format to the original byte array. If you encounter \00, which represents the original byte content,
        /// the conversion operation is performed directly. When encountering \r, it is directly converted to 0x0D, and \n is directly converted to 0x0A.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="render">等待转换的字符串</param>
        /// <returns>原始字节数组</returns>
        public static byte[] GetFromAsciiStringRender(string render)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(render)) return new byte[0];
            MatchEvaluator matchEvaluator = new MatchEvaluator(m => string.Format("{0}", (char)Convert.ToByte(m.Value.Substring(1), 16)));
            return Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Regex.Replace(render.Replace("\\r", "\r").Replace("\\n", "\n"), @"\\[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}", matchEvaluator));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将原始的byte数组转换成ascii格式的byte数组<br />
        /// Converts the original byte array to an ASCII-formatted byte array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="inBytes">等待转换的byte数组</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的数组</returns>
        public static byte[] BytesToAsciiBytes(byte[] inBytes) => Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ByteToHexString(inBytes));

        /// <summary>
        /// 将ascii格式的byte数组转换成原始的byte数组<br />
        /// Converts an ASCII-formatted byte array to the original byte array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="inBytes">等待转换的byte数组</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的数组</returns>
        public static byte[] AsciiBytesToBytes(byte[] inBytes) => HexStringToBytes(Encoding.ASCII.GetString(inBytes));

        /// <summary>
        /// 从字节构建一个ASCII格式的数据内容<br />
        /// Build an ASCII-formatted data content from bytes
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数据</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII格式的字节数组</returns>
        public static byte[] BuildAsciiBytesFrom(byte value) => Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value.ToString("X2"));

        /// <summary>
        /// 从short构建一个ASCII格式的数据内容<br />
        /// Constructing an ASCII-formatted data content from a short
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数据</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII格式的字节数组</returns>
        public static byte[] BuildAsciiBytesFrom(short value) => Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value.ToString("X4"));

        /// <summary>
        /// 从ushort构建一个ASCII格式的数据内容<br />
        /// Constructing an ASCII-formatted data content from ushort
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数据</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII格式的字节数组</returns>
        public static byte[] BuildAsciiBytesFrom(ushort value) => Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value.ToString("X4"));

        /// <summary>
        /// 从uint构建一个ASCII格式的数据内容<br />
        /// Constructing an ASCII-formatted data content from uint
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数据</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII格式的字节数组</returns>
        public static byte[] BuildAsciiBytesFrom(uint value) => Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value.ToString("X8"));

        /// <summary>
        /// 从字节数组构建一个ASCII格式的数据内容<br />
        /// Byte array to construct an ASCII format data content
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">字节信息</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII格式的地址</returns>
        public static byte[] BuildAsciiBytesFrom(byte[] value)
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[value.Length * 2];
            for (int i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)
            {
                SoftBasic.BuildAsciiBytesFrom(value[i]).CopyTo(buffer, 2 * i);
            }
            return buffer;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Bool and Byte transform

        private static byte GetDataByBitIndex(int offset)
        {
            switch (offset)
            {
                case 0: return 0x01;
                case 1: return 0x02;
                case 2: return 0x04;
                case 3: return 0x08;
                case 4: return 0x10;
                case 5: return 0x20;
                case 6: return 0x40;
                case 7: return 0x80;
                default: return 0;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取byte数据类型的第offset位，是否为True<br />
        /// Gets the index bit of the byte data type, whether it is True
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">byte数值</param>
        /// <param name="offset">索引位置</param>
        /// <returns>结果</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="BoolOnByteIndex" title="BoolOnByteIndex示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static bool BoolOnByteIndex(byte value, int offset)
        {
            byte temp = GetDataByBitIndex(offset);
            return (value & temp) == temp;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置取byte数据类型的第offset位，是否为True<br />
        /// Set the offset bit of the byte data type, whether it is True
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="byt">byte数值</param>
        /// <param name="offset">索引位置</param>
        /// <param name="value">写入的结果值</param>
        /// <returns>结果</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="SetBoolOnByteIndex" title="SetBoolOnByteIndex示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static byte SetBoolOnByteIndex(byte byt, int offset, bool value)
        {
            byte temp = GetDataByBitIndex(offset);
            if (value) return (byte)(byt | temp);
            return (byte)(byt & (~temp));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将bool数组转换到byte数组<br />
        /// Converting a bool array to a byte array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="array">bool数组</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的字节数组</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="BoolArrayToByte" title="BoolArrayToByte示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static byte[] BoolArrayToByte(bool[] array)
        {
            if (array == null) return null;

            int length = array.Length % 8 == 0 ? array.Length / 8 : array.Length / 8 + 1;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[length];

            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
            {
                if (array[i]) buffer[i / 8] += GetDataByBitIndex(i % 8);
            }

            return buffer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将bool数组转换为字符串进行显示，true被转为1，false转换为0<br />
        /// Convert the bool array to a string for display, true is converted to 1, false is converted to 0
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="array">bool数组</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的字符串</returns>
        public static string BoolArrayToString(bool[] array)
        {
            if (array == null) return string.Empty;
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
            {
                sb.Append(array[i] ? "1" : "0");
            }
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从Byte数组中提取位数组，length代表位数，例如数组 03 A1 长度10转为 [1100 0000 10]<br />
        /// Extracts a bit array from a byte array, length represents the number of digits
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="inBytes">原先的字节数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">想要转换的长度，如果超出自动会缩小到数组最大长度</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的bool数组</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ByteToBoolArray" title="ByteToBoolArray示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static bool[] ByteToBoolArray(byte[] inBytes, int length)
        {
            if (inBytes == null) return null;

            if (length > inBytes.Length * 8) length = inBytes.Length * 8;
            bool[] buffer = new bool[length];

            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                buffer[i] = BoolOnByteIndex(inBytes[i / 8], i % 8);
            }

            return buffer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从Byte数组中提取位数组，length代表位数，例如数组 01 00 长度10转为 [true,false]<br />
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="inBytes">原先的字节数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">想要转换的长度，如果超出自动会缩小到数组最大长度</param>
        /// <param name="trueValue">当为true时对应的byte值</param>
        /// <returns>转换后bool数组</returns>
        public static bool[] ByteToBoolArray(byte[] inBytes, int length, byte trueValue)
        {
            if (inBytes == null) return null;

            if (length > inBytes.Length) length = inBytes.Length;
            bool[] buffer = new bool[length];

            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
            {
                buffer[i] = inBytes[i] == trueValue;
            }

            return buffer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 从Byte数组中提取所有的位数组<br />
        /// Extracts a bit array from a byte array, length represents the number of digits
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="InBytes">原先的字节数组</param>
        /// <returns>转换后的bool数组</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ByteToBoolArray" title="ByteToBoolArray示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static bool[] ByteToBoolArray(byte[] InBytes) => InBytes == null ? null : ByteToBoolArray(InBytes, InBytes.Length * 8);

        #endregion

        #region Array Clip

        /// <summary>
        /// 将一个数组的前后移除指定位数，返回新的一个数组<br/>
        /// Removes a array before and after the specified number of bits, returning a new array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数组</param>
        /// <param name="leftLength">前面的位数</param>
        /// <param name="rightLength">后面的位数</param>
        /// <returns>新的数组</returns>
        /// <exception cref="RankException"></exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArrayRemoveDouble" title="ArrayRemoveDouble示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] ArrayRemoveDouble<T>(T[] value, int leftLength, int rightLength)
        {
            if (value == null) return null;
            if (value.Length <= (leftLength + rightLength)) return new T[0];

            T[] buffer = new T[value.Length - leftLength - rightLength];
            Array.Copy(value, leftLength, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

            return buffer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将一个数组的前面指定位数移除，返回新的一个数组<br />
        /// Removes the preceding specified number of bits in a array, returning a new array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">等待移除的长度</param>
        /// <returns>新的数组</returns>
        /// <exception cref="RankException"></exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArrayRemoveBegin" title="ArrayRemoveBegin示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] ArrayRemoveBegin<T>(T[] value, int length) => ArrayRemoveDouble(value, length, 0);

        /// <summary>
        /// 将一个数组的后面指定位数移除，返回新的一个数组<br />
        /// Removes the specified number of digits after a array, returning a new array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">等待移除的长度</param>
        /// <returns>新的数组</returns>
        /// <exception cref="RankException"></exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArrayRemoveLast" title="ArrayRemoveLast示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] ArrayRemoveLast<T>(T[] value, int length) => ArrayRemoveDouble(value, 0, length);

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取到数组里面的中间指定长度的数组<br />
        /// Get an array of the specified length in the array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数组</param>
        /// <param name="index">起始索引</param>
        /// <param name="length">数据的长度</param>
        /// <returns>新的数组值</returns>
        /// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArraySelectMiddle" title="ArraySelectMiddle示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] ArraySelectMiddle<T>(T[] value, int index, int length)
        {
            if (value == null) return null;
            if (length == 0) return new T[0];
            T[] buffer = new T[Math.Min(value.Length, length)];
            Array.Copy(value, index, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            return buffer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 选择一个数组的前面的几个数据信息<br />
        /// Select the begin few items of data information of a array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">数据的长度</param>
        /// <returns>新的数组</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArraySelectBegin" title="ArraySelectBegin示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] ArraySelectBegin<T>(T[] value, int length)
        {
            if (length == 0) return new T[0];
            T[] buffer = new T[Math.Min(value.Length, length)];
            if (buffer.Length > 0) Array.Copy(value, 0, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            return buffer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 选择一个数组的后面的几个数据信息<br />
        /// Select the last few items of data information of a array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">数组</param>
        /// <param name="length">数据的长度</param>
        /// <returns>新的数组信息</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="ArraySelectLast" title="ArraySelectLast示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] ArraySelectLast<T>(T[] value, int length)
        {
            if (length == 0) return new T[0];
            T[] buffer = new T[Math.Min(value.Length, length)];
            Array.Copy(value, value.Length - length, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            return buffer;
        }

        #endregion

        #region Byte[] Splice

        /// <summary>
        /// 拼接任意个泛型数组为一个总的泛型数组对象，采用深度拷贝实现。<br />
        /// Splicing any number of generic arrays into a total generic array object is implemented using deep copy.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">数组的类型信息</typeparam>
        /// <param name="arrays">任意个长度的数组</param>
        /// <returns>拼接之后的最终的结果对象</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="SpliceByteArray" title="SpliceByteArray示例" />
        /// </example> 
        public static T[] SpliceArray<T>(params T[][] arrays)
        {
            int count = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arrays.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arrays[i]?.Length > 0)
                {
                    count += arrays[i].Length;
                }
            }
            int index = 0;
            T[] buffer = new T[count];
            for (int i = 0; i < arrays.Length; i++)
            {
                if (arrays[i]?.Length > 0)
                {
                    arrays[i].CopyTo(buffer, index);
                    index += arrays[i].Length;
                }
            }
            return buffer;
        }

        #endregion

        #region String Array Splice

        /// <summary>
        /// 将一个<see cref="string"/>的数组和多个<see cref="string"/> 类型的对象整合成一个数组<br />
        /// Combine an array of <see cref = "string" /> and multiple objects of type <see cref = "string" /> into an array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="first">第一个数组对象</param>
        /// <param name="array">字符串数组信息</param>
        /// <returns>总的数组对象</returns>
        public static string[] SpliceStringArray(string first, string[] array)
        {
            List<string> list = new List<string>();
            list.Add(first);
            list.AddRange(array);
            return list.ToArray();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将两个<see cref="string"/>的数组和多个<see cref="string"/> 类型的对象整合成一个数组<br />
        /// Combine two arrays of <see cref="string" /> and multiple objects of type <see cref="string"/> into one array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="first">第一个数据对象</param>
        /// <param name="second">第二个数据对象</param>
        /// <param name="array">字符串数组信息</param>
        /// <returns>总的数组对象</returns>
        public static string[] SpliceStringArray(string first, string second, string[] array)
        {
            List<string> list = new List<string>();
            list.Add(first);
            list.Add(second);
            list.AddRange(array);
            return list.ToArray();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将两个<see cref="string"/>的数组和多个<see cref="string"/> 类型的对象整合成一个数组<br />
        /// Combine two arrays of <see cref="string" /> and multiple objects of type <see cref="string"/> into one array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="first">第一个数据对象</param>
        /// <param name="second">第二个数据对象</param>
        /// <param name="third">第三个数据对象</param>
        /// <param name="array">字符串数组信息</param>
        /// <returns>总的数组对象</returns>
        public static string[] SpliceStringArray(string first, string second, string third, string[] array)
        {
            List<string> list = new List<string>();
            list.Add(first);
            list.Add(second);
            list.Add(third);
            list.AddRange(array);
            return list.ToArray();
        }

        #endregion

        #region Url Encode Decode

        // 以下代码来自于微软自身的开源库

        private static int HexToInt(char h)
        {
            return (h >= '0' && h <= '9') ? h - '0' :
            (h >= 'a' && h <= 'f') ? h - 'a' + 10 :
            (h >= 'A' && h <= 'F') ? h - 'A' + 10 :
            -1;
        }

        private static string ValidateString(string input, bool skipUtf16Validation)
        {
            if (skipUtf16Validation || String.IsNullOrEmpty(input))
            {
                return input;
            }

            // locate the first surrogate character
            int idxOfFirstSurrogate = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
            {
                if (Char.IsSurrogate(input[i]))
                {
                    idxOfFirstSurrogate = i;
                    break;
                }
            }

            // fast case: no surrogates = return input string
            if (idxOfFirstSurrogate < 0)
            {
                return input;
            }

            // slow case: surrogates exist, so we need to validate them
            char[] chars = input.ToCharArray();
            for (int i = idxOfFirstSurrogate; i < chars.Length; i++)
            {
                char thisChar = chars[i];

                // If this character is a low surrogate, then it was not preceded by
                // a high surrogate, so we'll replace it.
                if (Char.IsLowSurrogate(thisChar))
                {
                    chars[i] = '\uFFFD';
                    continue;
                }

                if (Char.IsHighSurrogate(thisChar))
                {
                    // If this character is a high surrogate and it is followed by a
                    // low surrogate, allow both to remain.
                    if (i + 1 < chars.Length && Char.IsLowSurrogate(chars[i + 1]))
                    {
                        i++; // skip the low surrogate also
                        continue;
                    }

                    // If this character is a high surrogate and it is not followed
                    // by a low surrogate, replace it.
                    chars[i] = '\uFFFD';
                    continue;
                }

                // Otherwise, this is a non-surrogate character and just move to the
                // next character.
            }
            return new String(chars);
        }

        private static bool ValidateUrlEncodingParameters(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count)
        {
            if (bytes == null && count == 0)
                return false;
            if (bytes == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("bytes");
            }
            if (offset < 0 || offset > bytes.Length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset");
            }
            if (count < 0 || offset + count > bytes.Length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count");
            }

            return true;
        }

        private static bool IsUrlSafeChar(char ch)
        {
            if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9'))
                return true;

            switch (ch)
            {
                case '-':
                case '_':
                case '.':
                case '!':
                case '*':
                case '(':
                case ')':
                    return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        private static string UrlEncodeSpaces(string str)
        {
            if (str != null && str.IndexOf(' ') >= 0)
                str = str.Replace(" ", "%20");
            return str;
        }

        private static char IntToHex(int n)
        {
            Debug.Assert(n < 0x10);

            if (n <= 9)
                return (char)(n + (int)'0');
            else
                return (char)(n - 10 + (int)'A');
        }

        private static byte[] UrlEncodeToBytes(byte[] bytes)
        {
            int offset = 0;
            int count = bytes.Length;
            if (!ValidateUrlEncodingParameters(bytes, offset, count))
            {
                return null;
            }

            int cSpaces = 0;
            int cUnsafe = 0;

            // count them first
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                char ch = (char)bytes[offset + i];

                if (ch == ' ')
                    cSpaces++;
                else if (!IsUrlSafeChar(ch))
                    cUnsafe++;
            }

            // nothing to expand?
            if (cSpaces == 0 && cUnsafe == 0)
            {
                // DevDiv 912606: respect "offset" and "count"
                if (0 == offset && bytes.Length == count)
                {
                    return bytes;
                }
                else
                {
                    var subarray = new byte[count];
                    Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, offset, subarray, 0, count);
                    return subarray;
                }
            }

            // expand not 'safe' characters into %XX, spaces to +s
            byte[] expandedBytes = new byte[count + cUnsafe * 2];
            int pos = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                byte b = bytes[offset + i];
                char ch = (char)b;

                if (IsUrlSafeChar(ch))
                {
                    expandedBytes[pos++] = b;
                }
                else if (ch == ' ')
                {
                    expandedBytes[pos++] = (byte)'+';
                }
                else
                {
                    expandedBytes[pos++] = (byte)'%';
                    expandedBytes[pos++] = (byte)IntToHex((b >> 4) & 0xf);
                    expandedBytes[pos++] = (byte)IntToHex(b & 0x0f);
                }
            }

            return expandedBytes;
        }

        private static byte[] UrlEncode(byte[] bytes, bool alwaysCreateNewReturnValue)
        {
            byte[] encoded = UrlEncodeToBytes(bytes);

            return (alwaysCreateNewReturnValue && (encoded != null) && (encoded == bytes))
                ? (byte[])encoded.Clone()
                : encoded;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将字符串编码为URL可以识别的字符串，中文会被编码为%开头的数据，例如 中文 转义为 %2F%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87 <br />
        /// Encoding a string as a URL-recognizable string Chinese encoded as data that begins with %, such as 中文 escaped as %2F%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str">等待转换的字符串数据</param>
        /// <param name="e">编码信息，一般为 UTF8 </param>
        /// <returns>编码之后的结果</returns>
        public static string UrlEncode(string str, Encoding e)
        {
            if (str == null)
                return null;
            byte[] bytes = e.GetBytes(str);

            return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(UrlEncode(bytes, true));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将url的编码解码为真实的字符串，例如 %2F%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87 解码为 中文<br />
        /// Decode the encoding of url as a real string, for example %2F%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87 to 中文
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">等待转换的值</param>
        /// <param name="encoding">编码信息，一般为 UTF8</param>
        /// <returns>解码之后的结果</returns>
        public static string UrlDecode(string value, Encoding encoding)
        {
            int count = value.Length;
            UrlDecoder helper = new UrlDecoder(count, encoding);

            // go through the string's chars collapsing %XX and %uXXXX and
            // appending each char as char, with exception of %XX constructs
            // that are appended as bytes

            for (int pos = 0; pos < count; pos++)
            {
                char ch = value[pos];

                if (ch == '+')
                {
                    ch = ' ';
                }
                else if (ch == '%' && pos < count - 2)
                {
                    if (value[pos + 1] == 'u' && pos < count - 5)
                    {
                        int h1 = HexToInt(value[pos + 2]);
                        int h2 = HexToInt(value[pos + 3]);
                        int h3 = HexToInt(value[pos + 4]);
                        int h4 = HexToInt(value[pos + 5]);

                        if (h1 >= 0 && h2 >= 0 && h3 >= 0 && h4 >= 0)
                        {   // valid 4 hex chars
                            ch = (char)((h1 << 12) | (h2 << 8) | (h3 << 4) | h4);
                            pos += 5;

                            // only add as char
                            helper.AddChar(ch);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        int h1 = HexToInt(value[pos + 1]);
                        int h2 = HexToInt(value[pos + 2]);

                        if (h1 >= 0 && h2 >= 0)
                        {     // valid 2 hex chars
                            byte b = (byte)((h1 << 4) | h2);
                            pos += 2;

                            // don't add as char
                            helper.AddByte(b);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if ((ch & 0xFF80) == 0)
                    helper.AddByte((byte)ch); // 7 bit have to go as bytes because of Unicode
                else
                    helper.AddChar(ch);
            }
            return ValidateString(helper.GetString(), true);
        }

        #endregion

        #region Deep Clone

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用序列化反序列化深度克隆一个对象，该对象需要支持序列化特性<br />
        /// Cloning an object with serialization deserialization depth that requires support for serialization attributes
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="oringinal">源对象，支持序列化</param>
        /// <returns>新的一个实例化的对象</returns>
        /// <exception cref="NullReferenceException"></exception>
        /// <exception cref="NonSerializedAttribute"></exception>
        /// <remarks>
        /// <note type="warning">
        /// <paramref name="oringinal"/> 参数必须实现序列化的特性
        /// </note>
        /// </remarks>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="DeepClone" title="DeepClone示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static object DeepClone(object oringinal)
        {
            using (System.IO.MemoryStream stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
            {
                BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter()
                {
                    Context = new System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext(System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContextStates.Clone)
                };
                formatter.Serialize(stream, oringinal);
                stream.Position = 0;
                return formatter.Deserialize(stream);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region Unique String Get

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取一串唯一的随机字符串，长度为20，由Guid码和4位数的随机数组成，保证字符串的唯一性<br />
        /// Gets a string of unique random strings with a length of 20, consisting of a GUID code and a 4-digit random number to guarantee the uniqueness of the string
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>随机字符串数据</returns>
        /// <example>
        /// <code lang="cs" source="HslCommunication_Net45.Test\Documentation\Samples\BasicFramework\SoftBasicExample.cs" region="GetUniqueStringByGuidAndRandom" title="GetUniqueStringByGuidAndRandom示例" />
        /// </example>
        public static string GetUniqueStringByGuidAndRandom()
        {
            return Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + new Random().Next(1000, 10000);
        }

        #endregion

    }

    class UrlDecoder
    {
        private int _bufferSize;

        // Accumulate characters in a special array
        private int _numChars;
        private char[] _charBuffer;

        // Accumulate bytes for decoding into characters in a special array
        private int _numBytes;
        private byte[] _byteBuffer;

        // Encoding to convert chars to bytes
        private Encoding _encoding;

        private void FlushBytes()
        {
            if (_numBytes > 0)
            {
                _numChars += _encoding.GetChars(_byteBuffer, 0, _numBytes, _charBuffer, _numChars);
                _numBytes = 0;
            }
        }

        internal UrlDecoder(int bufferSize, Encoding encoding)
        {
            _bufferSize = bufferSize;
            _encoding = encoding;

            _charBuffer = new char[bufferSize];
            // byte buffer created on demand
        }

        internal void AddChar(char ch)
        {
            if (_numBytes > 0)
                FlushBytes();

            _charBuffer[_numChars++] = ch;
        }

        internal void AddByte(byte b)
        {
            // if there are no pending bytes treat 7 bit bytes as characters
            // this optimization is temp disable as it doesn't work for some encodings
            /*
							if (_numBytes == 0 && ((b & 0x80) == 0)) {
								AddChar((char)b);
							}
							else
			*/
            {
                if (_byteBuffer == null)
                    _byteBuffer = new byte[_bufferSize];

                _byteBuffer[_numBytes++] = b;
            }
        }

        internal string GetString()
        {
            if (_numBytes > 0)
                FlushBytes();

            if (_numChars > 0)
                return new string(_charBuffer, 0, _numChars);
            else
                return string.Empty;
        }
    }
}
